AVON RIVER HERITAGE CENTRE
  • About
    • Avon River Heritage Society
    • Artifacts & Archives
    • The Avon River
    • Meet the People in our Neighbourhood >
      • Dawn Allen, August 21st, 2020
      • Sara Beanlands, July 22nd, 2021
      • Carolyn Connors, July 30th, 2020
      • Carolyn Connors, July 21st, 2021
      • Louis Coutinho, August 13th, 2020
      • Sean Coutinho, January 13th, 2021
      • Eva Evans, July 24th, 2020
      • Elizabeth Ferguson, July 27th, 2020
      • Nicholas Hughes, August 6th, 2020
      • Olwynn Hughes, August 11th, 2020
      • Kim Lake, January 18th & 21st, 2021
      • Trudy Lake, March 13th, 2022
      • Raymond Parker, August 12th, 2020
      • Raymond Parker, July 7th, 2021
      • Zacchary Paul, August 21st, 2021
      • Tacha Reed, August 27th, 2020
      • Allen Shaw, January 18th, 2021
      • Carolyn vanGurp, July 16th, 2020
      • Abraham Zebian, August 24th, 2020
    • Avondale Walking Tour
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  • History
    • Natural History >
      • Highest Tides in the World
      • Tidal Bore
      • Avon Peninsula Ecology
      • Birds of the Avon
      • Marine and Freshwater Species of the Avon
      • Karst Environment
      • Gypsum
      • Avon Peninsula Watershed Preservation Society >
        • Avon Peninsula Watershed Preservation Society, Interview with President, Raymond Parker
    • Mi'kmaq >
      • Mi'kmaq Birch Bark Canoes
      • Mi'kmaq of the Avon River >
        • Treaty Truckhouse 2 & Zacchary Paul
    • The Coming of the Europeans
    • The North American Colonies
    • Acadians >
      • Pisiquit
      • Acadians of the Avon River >
        • Babin
        • Breau
        • Cheverie
        • Forest
        • Landry
        • LeBlanc
        • Rivest
        • Thibodeau
        • Trahan
        • Vincent
        • Other Families
      • Village Thibodeau (Poplar Grove)
      • Acadian Families After Expulsion >
        • Broussard
        • Brun
        • Comeau
        • Deveau
        • Girouard
        • Johnson
        • Leger
        • Pellerin
        • Poitier
        • Robicheau
        • Suret
    • New England Planters >
      • New England Planters in Avondale >
        • Genealogy
        • Samuel Bentley
        • Benjamin Borden
        • John Chambers
        • James and John Harvie
        • Caleb Lake
        • James and Lydia Mosher
        • Nathaniel Reynolds
        • Benjamin Sanford
        • James Smith
        • Henry Tucker
        • James Weedon
    • Loyalists
    • African Nova Scotians
    • Local Home Histories >
      • 28 Chip Hill Road
      • 51 Avondale Road
      • 38 Avondale Road: The Clifford Mosher House
      • 58 Avondale Road
      • 60 Avondale Cross Road
      • 71 Avondale Road: The John A. Harvie House
      • 354 Belmont Road: The Yellow House
      • 603 Belmont Road: Wallace Point
      • 801 Avondale Road
      • The Acadia House
      • The Avondale Church
      • The Avondale Parsonage
      • The Church Farm
      • The Fred Robart House
      • The Henry Lyon House
      • The House Across From The Church
      • The John E.F. Mosher House
      • The Knowles Homestead
      • The Mounce Mansions >
        • Captain George R. Mounce House
        • The Thomas A. Mounce House (Honeymoon House) >
          • Interior of the Honeymoon House
      • The Mrs. Dunham Hotel
      • The Old Newton Mosher House
      • The Old Stone House >
        • The Mystery of the Fieldstone House
      • The Roley Mosher House
      • The W.H. Mosher House
    • The Avondale School
    • Avondale Wharf & The Landing
    • The Avon Spirit
    • Golden Age of Sail >
      • The Rise and Fall of the Golden Age of Sail in Newport
      • The Mosher Shipyards
      • Sailing Ships, Sugar, and Salt
      • Vessels of the Avon River
      • Shipbuilding Process
      • Shipbuilding Tools
      • Ship Directories
      • Kings Wharf
      • The Hamburg >
        • Obituary Capt. Andrew B. Coldwell
        • The Hamburg and Alice Coalfleet’s Diary
      • Captain George Richard Mounce Sr
      • Annie Armstrong Mounce Correspondence 1875-1892
      • Captain Daniel William Dexter & The Emma Payzant >
        • Captain Daniel William Dexter and Family, Interview with Debbie Siler, July 21st, 2021
        • Diary of Sarah Dexter, 1892-1893
      • The Rotundus
    • Community Orchard
    • Edmund McCarthy
  • Arts & Culture
    • The Great Little Art Show >
      • Great Little Art Show 2021 - Artists
      • Great Little Art Show 2021 - Artwork
      • Great Little Art Show 2022 - Artists
      • Great Little Art Show 2022 - Artwork
      • Great Little Art Show 2023
      • Great Little Art Show 2024 - Artists
      • Great Little Art Show 2024 - Artwork
      • Great Little Art Show 2025 - Artists
      • Great Little Art Show 2025 - Artwork
    • Artists Landing Art Gallery
    • Open Studio
    • Full Circle Festival >
      • Sofa Sundays
      • Solstice Market
    • Paint Avondale
    • Avondale Wharf Day
    • Honey Harvest Festival
  • Events Calendar
  • Planters Sea Chest Gift Shop
  • Lydia & Sally Cafe
  • Rentals
  • Volunteer and Employment Opportunities
    • Summer Employment Opportunities
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    • New Horizons for Seniors
  • How to find us!

The Karst Environment of the Avon Peninsula

The Avon Peninsula features a unique Karst environment, which is a distinctive topography in which the landscape is largely shaped by the dissolving action of water on carbonate bedrock like limestone, dolomite, or gypsum.

This geological process, which occurs over many thousands of years, results in unusual surface and subsurface features ranging from sinkholes, vertical shafts, disappearing streams, and springs, to complex underground drainage systems and caves.

As rain falls through the atmosphere, it picks up CO2 which dissolves in the droplets. Once the rain hits the ground, it percolates through the soil, picking up more CO2 to form a weak solution of carbonic acid: H2O+CO2=H2CO3. The infiltrating water naturally exploits any cracks or crevices in the rock. Over long periods, with a continuous supply of CO2 - enriched water, carbonate bedrock begins to dissolve. Openings in the bedrock increase in size and an underground drainage system begins to develop, allowing more water to pass, further accelerating the formation of Karst. Eventually this leads to the development of subsurface caves.
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Karst landscapes comprise an important component of the Earth’s geodiversity. Karst and its dependent ecosystems are sensitive and vulnerable to an array of human impacts, and require careful management. Caves frequently contain features that are fragile, like speleothems, sediments, and bones, as well as biota that are very sensitive to disturbance from human activities.

Located in the heart of the Avon Peninsula is the Wiscoq Valley. Wisqoq Cave, which means Black Ash in the native tongue of the Mi’kmaq people, is located in an area of mature Acadian forest dominated by Eastern Hemlock, White Ash and White Birch. Within the valley is the Wisqoq Cave, a natural dissolution cave formed in Mississippian age gypsum-anhydrite evaporites. In the immediate vicinity of the cave outcropping gypsum bedrock has eroded into an extremely rugged Karst terrain: referred to locally as “plaster land”.
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The Wisqoq Lake, in the Wisqoq Valley, a unique Karst environment.
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La péninsule Avon propose un environnement karstique unique, qui est une topographie particulière dont le paysage est en grande partie façonnée par l'action dissolvante de l'eau sur la roche carbonate comme le calcaire, la dolomie, ou de gypse. Ce processus géologique, qui se produit sur plusieurs milliers d'années, les résultats de surface inhabituelle et les caractéristiques du sous-sol allant de dolines, puits verticaux, des ruisseaux qui disparaissent, et des sources, à des systèmes complexes et des grottes de drainage souterrain.

Que la pluie tombe à travers l'atmosphère, il capte le CO2 qui se dissout dans les gouttelettes. Une fois que la pluie frappe le sol, il percole à travers le sol, ramasser plus de CO2 pour former une solution faible d'acide carbonique: H2O + CO2 = H2CO3. L'eau infiltrant exploite naturellement des fissures ou des crevasses dans la roche. Sur de longues périodes, avec un apport continu de CO2 - l'eau enrichie, substratum carbonate commence à se dissoudre. Les ouvertures dans l'augmentation du substratum rocheux de taille et d'un système de drainage souterrain commence à se développer, ce qui permet plus de passer l'eau, accélérant encore la formation de Karst. Finalement, ce qui conduit au développement de grottes souterraines.

Les paysages karstiques comprennent une composante importante de la géodiversité de la Terre. Karst et ses écosystèmes dépendants sont sensibles et vulnérables à un tableau des impacts humains, et nécessitent une gestion attentive. Caves contiennent souvent des caractéristiques qui sont fragiles, comme concrétions, des sédiments et des os, ainsi que le biote qui sont très sensibles aux perturbations des activités humaines.

Situé au cœur de la péninsule Avon est la vallée de Wiscoq. Wisqoq Cave, ce qui signifie Black Ash dans la langue maternelle du peuple Mi'kmaq, est situé dans une zone de forêt acadienne matures dominés par la pruche du Canada, le frêne blanc et le bouleau blanc. Dans la vallée est le Wisqoq Cave, une grotte de dissolution naturelle formée en âge Mississippien évaporites de gypse anhydrite. Dans le voisinage immédiat de la grotte affleurement de gypse a érodé le substratum rocheux dans un terrain karstique extrêmement robuste: appelée localement «terre de plâtre".


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The endangered Albino Ram's Head Lady's Slipper can be found in the woods of the Wisiqoq Valley
Avon River Heritage Centre, 17 Belmont Road, Avondale/Newport Landing, West Hants, Nova Scotia, B0N 2A0
Email us at [email protected]
Telephone us, May through October, at (902) 757-1718

The Avon River Heritage Society would like to thank the Municipality of West Hants and the Province of Nova Scotia for their generous support.

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